ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

 

Since its establishment as a field of study in 1956, artificial intelligence has gone through a number of cycles of excitement, disappointment, and funding loss (dubbed a "AI winter"), new methods, successes, and renewed investment. Since its inception, AI research has experimented with and abandoned a wide range of methodologies, including modeling human problem-solving, formal logic, extensive knowledge libraries, and animal behavior imitation. Machine learning that is heavily based in mathematics and statistics has dominated the subject in the first two decades of the twenty-first century. This approach has been very effective in solving difficult issues in both business and academics.

AI applications include advanced web search engines (e.g., Google), recommendation systems (used by YouTube, Amazon and Netflix), understanding human speech (such as Siri and Alexa), self-driving cars (e.g., Tesla), automated decision-making and competing at the highest level in strategic game systems (such as chess and Go).  The AI effect is a phenomena where actions once thought to need "intelligence" are now frequently excluded from the concept of AI as robots grow more and more proficient. For instance, although being a common technique, optical character recognition is typically left out of the category of items believed to constitute artificial intelligence.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence