QUANTUM COMPUTING

 

The study of quantum computing combines concepts from quantum physics, computer science, and classical information theory. Information is the most universal element that must spread from a cause to an effect. It consequently plays a fundamentally significant function in the science of physics. The mathematical study of information, particularly information processing, is, nevertheless, a very new development, coming from the middle of the 20th century. As a result, the full relevance of information as a fundamental idea in physics is just now coming to light. This is especially true in quantum mechanics. This relevance is solidified by the notion of quantum information and computation, which has also produced some profound and fascinating new understandings of the natural world. These include the ability to maintain quantum coherence in the presence of irreversible noise processes (quantum error correction), the use of controlled quantum evolution for effective computation, the use of quantum states to enable the secure transmission of classical information (quantum cryptography), and the use of quantum entanglement to facilitate the reliable transmission of quantum states (teleportation) (quantum computation). The utilization of quantum entanglement as a computing resource unifies all of these ideas.

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DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/61/2/002